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- *************************
- * Ets-domain signatures *
- *************************
-
- Avian leukemia virus E26 is a replication defective retrovirus that induces a
- mixed erythroid/myeloid leukemia in chickens. E26 virus carries two distinct
- oncogenes, v-myb and v-ets. The ets portion of this oncogene is required for
- the induction of erythroblastosis. V-ets and c-ets-1, its cellular progenitor,
- have been shown [1] to be nuclear DNA-binding proteins. Ets-1 differs slightly
- from v-ets at its carboxy-terminal region. In most species where it has been
- sequenced, c-ets-1 exists in various isoforms generated by alternative
- splicing and differential phosphorylation.
-
- A number of proteins, that share regions of similarity with v-ets/c-ets-1,
- have been found and are listed below:
-
- - Ets-2, which has been sequenced in mammals, chicken, Xenopus and
- Drosophila.
- - Human elf-1, a transcription factor that appears to be required for the T-
- cell-receptor-mediated trans activation of HIV-2 genes.
- - Human elk-1, which forms a ternary complex with the serum response factor
- (SRF).
- - Human erg.
- - Human SRF accessory protein 1 (SAP-1), which forms a ternary complex with
- the serum response factor (SRF).
- - Mouse Fli-1, a sequence specific transcriptional activator.
- - Adenovirus E1A enhancer-binding protein (E1A-F) (PEA3).
- - PU.1 (also known as Spi-1), a protein that binds to a purine-rich sequence,
- the PU-box, that can act as a lymphoid-specific enhancer. PU.1 is probably
- a transcriptional activator that may be specifically involved in the
- differentiation or activation of macrophages or B cells. In mouse, Spi-1 is
- an oncogene involved in murine acute friend erythroleukemia.
- - Spi-B, a transcription factor that binds the PU-box.
- - GA binding protein (GAPB) alpha subunit. GAPB is a transcription factor
- capable of interacting with purine rich repeats (GA repeats).
- - Drosophila protein elg-1.
- - Drosophila protein yan, which is a negative regulator of photoreceptor
- development.
- - Drosophila ecdysone induced protein 74E.
-
- All these proteins contain a conserved domain, the 'ETS-domain', [2,3,4,5]
- involved in DNA-binding. It seems to recognize purine-rich sequences [5].
- This domain, of about 85 to 90 amino acids, is rich in aromatic and positively
- charged residues. It is generally localized at the C-terminus of the protein,
- with the exception of elf-1, elk-1 and SAP-1 where it is found at the N-
- terminus.
-
- We have derived two signature patterns for the ETS-domain. The first one is
- based on a highly conserved region in the N-terminal part of the domain, while
- the second is based on a region in the second third of the domain.
-
- -Consensus pattern: L-[FYW]-[QED]-F-L-[LVQK]-x-[LI]-L
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [RKH]-x(2)-M-x-Y-[DENQ]-x-[LIVM]-[STAG]-R-[STAG]-[LI]-R-x-
- Y
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Patterns and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Reddy E.S.P., Rao V.N.
- Cancer Res. 50:5013-5016(1990).
- [ 2] Karim F.D., Urness L.D., Thummel C.S., Klemsz M.J., McKercher S.R.,
- Celada A., van Beveren C., Maki R.A., Gunther C.V., Nye J.A., Graves B.J.
- Genes Dev. 4:1451-1453(1990).
- [ 3] McLeod K., Leprince D., Stehelin D.
- Trends Biochem. Sci. 17:251-256(1992).
- [ 4] Laudet V., Niel C., Duterque-Coquillaud M., Leprince D., Stehelin D.
- Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 190:8-14(1993).
- [ 5] Wasylyk B., Hahn S.L., Giovane A.
- Eur. J. Biochem. 211:7-18(1993).
- [ 6] Wang C.-Y., Petryniak B., Ho I.-C., Thompson C.B., Leiden J.M.
- J. Exp. Med. 175:1391-1399(1992).
-